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26 - 28 (7.5.) Mendelian rules, basic concepts (haploid, diploid, dominant, recessive, allele homozygous, heterozygous)

- Mendelian rules -

Georg Mendel = founder of the history of genetics. Erführte 355 intersections (7 characteristics) and examined the hybrids (hybrids)
In the selection of the examined plants, it was important that they are many and easily distinguishable duck Merkamle have two manifestations have -> GARDEN PEA
- seed shape
- seed color
- Blühtenfrabe
- Pod shape
- Schoten
color - the prime postition
- This pea shoot length

reproduces mainly by self-fertilization (autogamy = inbred). Therefore, Mendel had to remove the immature flowers the stamens targeted perform Investigate busbar systems to be able to speak prevent autogamy.
Furthermore, it was important to use pure-bred plants (= plants have shown several Geration no changes).



first crossed Mendel purple flowering peas together (anther one on ovaries of the other plant) = parents generation = Parental generation P

From the resulting Ebsen grew once purple flowering peas = daughter generation = Final Generation F1

=> This crossings (intersections with only one feature) is called mono hybrid cross (intersection near a feature taken) is



Then he crossed a purebred yellow pea with a pure green pea:

mono hybrid cross (inheritance)
seed color (characteristic)
yellow / green seeds (races)




The first filial generation F1 -> yellow seeds.
After crossing the Tocherganeration each other, he received the second filial generation F2 -> color ratio 3:1 (majority yellow)

==> KEY inheritance

therefore crossed Mendel the F2 generation to another,












50% yellow F2 seeds were at the crossing with each other => 3:1 (see the two groups of four in the middle)
crossing only green seeds of the F2 Generatin => 100% green seeds (see the foursome on the right)
25% of the yellow seed crossings => 100% yellow seeds (see group of four left)



Episode 3 Final revisions:

1. The inheritance of characteristics is based on genes. These genes are passed on unchanged to future generations.
2. Each descendant inherit from his parents, only one unit (feature) The
3. System need not be visible in the individual to be passed on to other GENRATION.

If one looks at the second conclusion, it means that each pea from each Merkam (heredity) has two versions (diploid chromosome set). In inheritance, but only one feature is passed (haploid set of chromosomes). Say the genetic material is cut in half by meiosis.

The third conclusion does not mean that some genes can overlap, and others. Depending on the combination, they will reappear in later generations.
overlapping genes = dominant, genes can be overlap = recessive .
Say appearance be (phenotype) and the combination of genes (genotype) must be distinguished.

consideration of the above shown test given phenotype and genotype











parental generation P is a purebred = homozygous , say they have two identical genes (in terms of the characteristic)
Man speaks of the green allele and the yellow allele (allele = a feature may appear in different forms, for example: flowers can be red or white). Sprcih the characteristic seed color comes in two variants of the phenotype before (time = yellow and one green seed).
The gene of the dye exists in two alleles.

F1 generation heterozygous = heterozygous
The individuals each have a yellow and one green genetic trait of the parents.

F2 generation plants gelbsamige 25% homozygous, 50% and 25% homozygous heterozygous gelbsamige grünsamige pea plants.

=> phenotypic segregation ratio = 3: 1 led


Menedl through these junctions with respect to all features and always came to the same conclusion:

• one allele is dominant (eg yellow seeds)
• one allele is rezenssiv (Eg green seeds)
• The genotype, despite the yellow phenotype YG, YY be
  

http://www.mallig.eduvinet.de/bio/Repetito/Genetik.html
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