hormones
Endocrine system = all the hormones and their producing cells, tissues and glands. It is a coordination system, the metabolism, energy metabolism, growth, development, homeostasis and affects our behavior.
Je nach dem wo die Hormone gebildet werden unterscheidet man verschiedene Klassen -> Gewebehormone und Drüsenhormone. Man kann sie auch anhand ihres Wirkungsschwerpunkts unterteilen -> lipophile Steroidhormone und hydrophile Hormone.
Hormone binden sich an Moleküle und übermitteln so die gewünschten Signale. Dieser zelluläre Wirkungsmechanismus passiert auf folgenden Hauptwegen:
- Lipophilic Steriodhormone: effect in the nucleus, long-lasting effect
- Hydrophilic hormones: limited
Where are the hormones and what is their impact:
- adenohypophysis (body growth, activity of the endocrine glands, Milk secretion)
- neurohypophysis (salt-water balance, labor, milk secretion)
- thyroid (metabolism, growth, lowers blood calcium)
- hyperparathyroidism (calcium level lowers and raises the blood glucose levels)
- pancreas (raises and lowers the blood glucose level)
- adrenal medulla (raises the glucose level in blood, increased metabolic activity, constricts blood vessels)
- adrenal cortex (raises the glucose in the blood, immune response, reabsorption of sodium and potassium)
- testes (sperm production, development of primary and secondary male sex characteristics) testosterone
- ovaries / ovaries (growth of uterine lining, the development of primary and secondary female sex characteristics, Differentiation of the uterine lining) estrogens
- pineal gland (biological rhythms)
- stimulates the thymus (T-cell
nervous system - hormone system
Beide Systeme koordinieren die Leistung und das Verhalten unseres Organismus. Das Nervensystem bewirkt meist nur kurze Veränderungen, da die Wirkung an den anhaltenden Nervenimpuls gekoppelt ist. Das Hormonsystem ist nicht so lokal begrenzt und bewirkt lang anhaltende Veränderungen.
| | Nervensystem | Hormonsystem |
| structure | own pipeline network | distribution via the blood and by diffusion |
| information transmission | electrical impulses | chemical messengers |
| propagation speed | fast (up to 120 m / sec) | slow (transmission in blood) |
| effect | short | lasting effect |
- anatomically close relationship
- endocrine glands consist of nerve tissue or have it developed
- The nervous system uses hormones als Signalmolekühle
- Zusammenwirken von hormonellen und neuronalen Kontrollmechanismen (ich esse -> Nerven -> Essen kommt in den Magen und schicken die Information zum Gehirn -> schickt Information an die Hormone der Magendrüsen -> stomach acid is produced)
=> effector hormones contribute (directly, that is, produce the reaction) and glandotropic hormones ( control the hormone production of the various body glands) which are formed by the anterior pituitary (connection between hormone and nervous system).
But the adenohypophysis is controlled by hormones (stimulating or inhibiting hormones). These hormones are controlled im Hypothalamus gebildet.
Was bewirken die verschiedenen effektorischen und glandotorpe Hormone:
Effektorische Hormone:
- Wachstum der Brustdrüsen
- Milchsekretion
- body growth
- metabolism
Glandotorpe hormones:
- stimulate Folikelreifung woman
- increase sperm production man
- estrogen and progesterone production woman
- synthesis and secretion of testosterone man
- Thyroxinproduktion and release of thyroid
- production and delivery of the hormones of the adrenal cortex
sex hormones
- expression of sexual characteristics
- control of sexual function
is difference between the sexes is that the hormones in different quantities are produced and how the body reacts to them, not on gender hormones.
wife
- Ostrogene, Gestagene
- Hypophyse (Ostradiol, FSH, LH)
- Eierstöcken (Progesteron)
- Gebärmutter (HCG - Schwangerschaftshormon)
man
- androgen
- testosterone
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